Management Under Uncertainly Essay Example for Free

Management Under Uncertainly Essay I had been in Target as a temporary worker and one decision made by the manager left a deep impression on me. As one of the largest retail stores in Australia, Target can be found in the shopping centre of most area. The store I had worked is located in Leichhardt which had the expectancy was achieving a sales budget of $ 50,000 per day, and then the net profit would reach $6000. In order to make the expectation into reality, the manager of Target Leichhardt store from the point of view of cost savings decided to cut the shifts of employees. Originally, one shift had four cashiers, but now reduced to two cashiers. In addition, the manger made a decision to no longer use customer greeters. In Target store, the duty of greeter is not only greet customers into the store, but also check the bags of customers to avoid theft when they leave. The manager decided to reduce shift because he found this is a kind of waste when the store is not busy. On the other hand, he thought the customer greeter looks like a decoration because the phenomenon of pilferage was rarely. Although the manager made the adjustments, the result was still not satisfied and the outcome was the store has not achieved the budget. These decisions caused complaint from a lot of customers about the long queue when they went to the checkout. I had seen some customers drop off the commodities which they had selected because they do not like to wait for a long time. Beyond that, the two operators always feel tired and unfair when the store is very busy. Once they feel bored, they will not have enough energy and passion to serve customers. Furthermore, no longer use greeter also caused some negative effects. For example, tally clerk found that small and precious items had been lost regularly. Obviously, there were customers in the store for stealing and the action of theft reduced the budget seriously. Analysis of the Decision Teale, Dispenza, Flynn, Currie (2003) pointed out that the bounded rational decision making is refer to there are many options, but the decision maker only consider some of these, or from the long term, that is not a best decision but the most suitable for the current situation. Here is an example, a lady fell down along the road and break her stiletto heel, and then she quickly goes into a cheap shoe store and bought a pair of lip-flops that she had never worn before. If it is in normal circumstances, the lady will buy a pair of shoes that she likes at ordinary times, but now she is in a hurry and can not wear the shoes with broken heels. So, buy a pair of shoes that does not like usually become an appropriate choice. This can be called â€Å"satisfying†. People in most cases do decision like this, because sometimes we do not consider all the possibilities in order to save time (Campling, Poole, Wiesner, Ang, Chan, Tan Schermerhorn, 2008). Decision-makers always pick up the most useful one. In the Target Leichhardt store, because the manager chose the solution to reduce the costs in a short time, the decision can be defined as Satisfying. The decision of this store manager made just embodies the people’s bounded rationality in decision making process. The managers thought the store can increase budget by cutting costs. However, queuing for a long time can make customers have bad impression on the store. Finally, people thought for long lines when they mention this store, then they refuse to go to the store shopping instinctively. People should consider three processes that bounded rationality usually involve in. hey are simple search, simple stopping and simple decision rules. These three rules are also referred to as â€Å"heuristics†, it is used to describe â€Å"how normal people make decisions without calculating utilities and probabilities† (Gigerenzer Todd, 2012). In this case, the manager made decision without calculating the chance of various results by using the optimal and maximizing outcome. . In this situation, the manager didn’t use the optimal or maximizing outcome to calculate the probability of outcome occurring, he didn’t use the utility to calculate the expected happiness. There are many factors that can cause bounded rationality, such as emotion, knowledge and culture. According to Teale et al (2003), bounded rationality can also be interpreted as non-rational decisions. This is because people have limited knowledge level and lack of training. The lack of knowledge and training make people with narrow horizons, and then can not take a panoramic view of the situation and do not have a long-term view. In this Target store, the manager did not investigate and understand the situation of the store from all aspects carefully; it also can say he was lack of practical experience in management of decision making. His decision can only satisfy the short-term interest if it goes well. However, it turns out he did not achieve the short-term goals. In terms of the long time interest, invoice for a long time and occasionally steal phenomenon caused bad effect on the company’s image. On the other hand, decision-maker do not communicate smoothly and actively with others can also affect the decision making (McKee, 2010). According to my observation, the manager lack basic understanding of the store and he seldom communicated with employees and customers. Sometimes, he just organized the regular meeting, and the aim of meeting is to decorate task without exchange views with others. When someone makes decision by himself without communicate with others, bounded rationality can get a higher frequency of occurrence. Lacks of communication not only lead to make decision unwise, because the decision maker is likely to be emotional to make a decision, but also make the decision maker overconfidence. In real life, we meet some people who always think they are right (Hanson, Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). Beyond that, environment can cause bounded rationality. Today’s general environment is complicated and changefully, people can obtain information from various channels and ways. Not all information is appropriate, sometimes wrong information mislead decision maker to make an irrational decision. In this case, the general environment is the customers and sales performance are different and the manager eager to prove his ability. So he made a non rational decision and this decision does not have any benefit for a long term operation. Reflection Mckee (2010) show us The Eight Stage Decision Making Process Model. If I were the manager in this case, I would use the above mentioned model to help me to make a rational decision. First of all, I would collect all possible information about the sale budget and net profit for five years before. For example, check the financial annual report, the daily turnover and the net profit report. Form these reports, I could analyze and assess which part of work we need to adjust and improve. Our goal is to increase earnings; we can start this goal from attracting more customers rather than reduce shifts and layoff greeters. There are many ways to attract potential customers and make them become returned customers at the same time. One effective way is issue voucher; we can offer a five dollar voucher when the customers purchase more than 50 dollars. By that analogy, we can give ten dollar voucher when the customers purchase more than 100 dollars. In this way, we can ensure customers keep coming. Another way to attract customers is to do some promotions, such as buy three same items for two items price. When I use The Eight Stage Decision Making Process Model to make a decision, I would consider more on one of the elements that is to list alternatives (Mckee, 2010). In this case, arrange employees to the most suitable area according to their own ability and personality is an alternative decision. For instance, a employee with personality of patience and enthusiasm, I would arrange he to be a customer assistance. Put myself in customer’s position, I hope to get a better shopping guide and help. Moreover, Tolbert and Hall (2008) pointed out that the more person involve the decision process, the decision is more rational. Due to the feasibility of this theory, I would be honest to analyze the whole store operating condition and the goals to other managers and employees. Then, I will encourage them to actively participate in discussion and give advices. If I were the manager I would continue to use customer greeters. In order to make them not as decoration, I will arrange them some to do things to attract customers. For example, greeters can pass flyers to passers so that they have a better concept about what product will have a discount in which day. The following step we need to carry out decision, along with this step there may have some obstacles impede our progress. But, these are not serious problems, as long as we step by step; we are able to make sensible decisions (Kramar, Bartram, De Cieri, Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart Wright, 2011). This style of decision making can be described as the rational model. Only managers like a link, fasten all the employees together to make the decision, this decision can be good for long-term development of an organization.

Examples Of Soil Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Examples Of Soil Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay This Air pollution plays an important role in the life cycle of pollution because air pollution only makes the human beings into lots of defects like asthma, cancer, breathing problem, etc. Not only for the human lives its also affects the animals and greens. When looking to Geographical this Air pollution affects the Ozone Layer and made lots of hole in that and it can cause health problems such as lung inflammation, skin damage, headaches, burning eyes and scratchy throats. High concentrations of certain air pollutants are extremely dangerous and can cause severe injury, cancer, or birth defects. Individuals with respiratory problems, people with heart or lung disease, children, elderly residents, athletes and pregnant women are at high risk for health problems from air pollution. Those who play, work or exercise outdoors breathe pollutants deeper into their lungs, which can increase the chance of negative health effects. Chemicals and particles in the air also reduce visibility and can damage buildings and monuments. Air pollution harms our loved ones, our environment and our property. The frequency of Air Pollution Watch and Warning days indicates our serious (ii) Water Pollution: Water pollution is any chemical. pysical or biological change in thequality of water that has a harmfuleffect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives in it. When humans drink polluted water it often has serious effects on thier health. Water pollution is not just something that big chemical plants make improvements. This Water pollution also play a vital role in the affects of pollutionthere are sevaral classes of water pollutants; The first are disease-causing agents. These are bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasitic worms that enter sewage system. A second category of water pollutants is oxygen-demanding wastes; wastes that can be decomposed by decomposed by oxygen-requiring bacteria. When large populations of decomposing bacteria are converting these wastes it can deplete oxygen levels in the water. This causes other organisms in the water, such as fish, to die. A third class of water pollutants is water-soluble inorganic pollutants, such as acids, salts and toxic metal s. Large quantities of these compounds will make water unfit to drink and will cause the death of aquatic life. Another class of water pollutants are nutrients; they are water-soluble nitrates and phosphates that cause excessive growth of algae and other water plants, which deplete the waters oxygen supply. This kills fish and, when found in drinking water, can kill young children. Water can also be polluted by a number of organic compounds such as oil, plastics and pesticides, which are harmful to humans and all plants and animals in the water. A very dangerous category is suspended sediment, because it causes depletion in the waters light absorption and the particles spread dangerous compounds such as pesticides through the water. Finally, water-soluble radioactive compounds can cause cancer, birth defects and genetic damage and are thus very dangerous water pollutants. The safety of our drinking water is often taken for granted in America. In recent years, however, environmentalists and the media have drawn attention to the dangers of ground water pollution and the health risks of lead, chlorine, pesticides, organic chemicals, and various microorganisms that have been found to contaminate our public water supplies. Outbreaks of waterborne diseases are a common occurrence and have involved entire city populations, sometimes leading to serious complications and even fatalities. The potential carcinogenic effects of long-term exposure to certain organic chemicals in our water supplies are under government scrutiny. (iii) Soil Pollution: . Examples of Soil Pollution: Land pollution is the degradation of the Earths land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping, and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. It includes visible waste and litter as well as pollution of the soil itself. Soil pollution is mainly due to chemicals in herbicides (weed killers) and pesticides (poisons which kill insects and other invertebrate pests). Litter is waste material dumped in public places such as streets, parks, picnic areas, at bus stops and near shops. Waste Disposal: The accumulation of waste threatens the health of people in residential areas. Waste decays, encourages household pests and turns urban areas into unsightly, dirty and unhealthy places to live in. Control measure: The following measures can be used to control land pollution: anti-litter campaigns can educate people against littering; organic waste can be dumped in places far from residential areas; inorganic materials such as metals, glass and plastic, but also paper, can be reclaimed and recycled. Two billion hectares of soil degraded According to FAO, human activities have degraded 15% of the earths non-submerged surface. The main cause in the last 30 years has been a desire to boost food production, with erosion being the main threat, affecting 84% of degraded land. Farmland area has grown steadily in developing countries, the exact reverse of what has happened in developed countries. A full 23% of usable land has deteriorated so badly that its productivity has suffered.

Suspense Tension And Mystery In Red Room English Literature Essay

Suspense Tension And Mystery In Red Room English Literature Essay Normally when you think of horror stories you think of stories with characters like Werewolves and Dracula in them. Edgar Allen Poe and H G Wells have broken the stereotype with these short stories, by telling different tales about the way people act when they are disturbed mentally. I dont think this point is really very correctà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Stoker was writing at roughly the same time as Poe and Wellsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦write perhaps? Wells explored the theme of an initially non-believer in the supernatural with The Red Room and in The Tell Tale Heart and The Black Cat, Poe explores the human conscience. I have enjoyed all three of these stories because of the story themes as well as the way in which the high tension is created with a hint of the supernatural in both. All three of these short stories are written with the main character as the narrator but The Red Room is interesting because the main character is actually the innocent (although fairly arrogant) victim, rather than the m urderer in Poes stories. There are several similar themes that run through these stories and the main themes in the The Tell Tale Heart and The Black Cat are that of mentally disturbed people being put into situations that bring out the worst in them and makes them and the reader very uncomfortable. The main theme in the The Tell Tale Heart and The Black Cat is the consequences of murder and how human nature can be viewed at its worse and how this can make a person become obsessed and, in the end, quite mad. In The Red Room, the reader also feels uncomfortable for a different reason and that is by feeling scared, especially due to the fact that the main character doesnt believe that there are ghosts before he enters a spooky castle and then this slowly changes when he enters and his arrogance melts away due to strange happenings. The main theme of The Red Room is arrogance and this is built up to make the readers want the lead character to encounter a supernatural encounter (the story starts with the line I can assure you said I, that it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me). I suspect that Wells describes the main character in such a way to make him sound pompous and arrogant so that the reader wants the main character to get his just desserts. In all three stories, the main characters as narrator are portrayed as unpleasant individuals, although to be fair the character in the Red Room is only arrogant, he doesnt actually kill anyone! The discomfort for the reader starts at right at the beginning of all of these stories and right away the reader is in the middle of a story that has already started (a bit like walking into a play or a film where youve missed the beginning). Get rid of everything in blue, and replace with as they start in media res. For example, the narrator is speaking right away in The Tell Tale Heart and at first he sounds quite calm and rationale and then this slowly builds in to a bit a bit of a rant by a madman (as the narrator says himself, You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing). All three stories have a gothic and dark feel to them; both of the Edgar Allen Poe stories have the main characters behaving in a most peculiar way due to them having a troubled lives or backgrounds. In The Tell Tale Heart, the main character is disturbed about an old mans eye and as the culture at the time was such that people felt that if an individual had a deformity it meant that the individual was evil. The ma in character thinks that the mans bad eye contained an evil sprit and becomes obsessed by the thought of his evil eye is meant for him. The theme is similar for The Black Cat- this short story has as its main character a guilt ridden person who gives himself up due to his overbearing guilty conscience. Interestingly, the deformed or disabled images come through in The Red Room with the two old men being described as having a withered arm, being supported by a single crutch and in the main anything old, disfigured or ugly would have the implication of being sinister or creepy and this is a similar to theme to yet another story of the time, The Picture of Dorian Gray, whereby the main characters evil and wicked deeds are not shown on his actual face, but shown on a portrait that he keeps in his attic. Ermà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦this is a bit of a Victorian thingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it would be better to say that the Victorians believed in physiognomy, which is demonstrated in The Picture of Dorian G ray (give example) and The Red Room, as you explained above. The main character in The Black Cat is a guilt ridden psychopath who in the beginning of the story is acting as if every thing was alright (I was noted for the docility and humanity of my disposition), but at the end, becomes so obsessed with a white and then a black cat that he ruins everything in his life, including the murder of his wife. In the descent to madness, he says that the fury of a demon instantly possessed me. I knew myself no longer. In both of Poes stories, there is an underlying theme implying that the police are a bit stupid and could not figure out who has carried out such a simple crime. I dont see any truth in this pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦both protagonists in Poes stories went to great lengths to conceal the bodies indeed, this is shown in the stories. Therefore, one might excuse the police, It is also interesting to note that short stories like this were the only form of popular entertainment at this time, due to there not being any TV. Ahem, this point, although c orrect, is hindered by your suggestion that popular entertainment is TV. You may wish to say something more like there was not a comparable range of media for popular entertainment, of which TV is included. Whilst there would not be such high literacy rates then as there are now with a lot of poor or working class children having to leave school at the earliest opportunity in order to earn a wage, literacy rates were improving and more people were able to read and these authors were becoming more popular. Look up Education Reform Acts of the nineteenth century. The Tell Tale Heart has a very sudden tension building moment, with the atmosphere switching from very calm to sudden excitement and you can feel the adrenalin pumping in the killers body when the narrator / main character saying that he is going to kill the old man. Poe uses quick, short sentences : It grew quicker and quicker, and louder and louder every instant. The old mans terror must have been extreme! It grew louder, I say, louder every moment! and this helps build the tension. The story opens with the main character as the narrator of the story and trying to justify why he had to destroy the eye. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees I made up my mind to take the life of the old man. He also tries to make it clear that he is not mad by stating you fancy me mad-mad men know nothing. This indicates to me [to you? What an absurd ideaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦as I explained in one of your other essays, you and I have no place in an academic essay. Get. Rid. Phrase i n the passive insteadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦this may be indicating] that the author is trying to show that the character is quite arrogant and that the character wants us to think that he is fighting evil and the fact of him being able to think of ways to defeat it .He is saying that mad people are not well educated [Im sorry? Nietzsche, one of the cleverest men to have lived, was mad. I myself am hardly the sanest of people (OCD, anorexia, perfectionism, anxiety, emotional instability) and am simultaneously well educated. In a more contextual manner, it is clear (especially in The Black Cat) that the mad men are clever], and the fact that any sane person would have acted the same way as he did. At the end of the short story, when the police come round to the house, the heart beat that the narrator hears becomes quicker and quicker (but the noise arose over all and continually increased. It grew louder -louder -louder!). This is supposed [supposed? Why isnt it? I think you could have better phrased thisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦This represents the guilt buildingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.] to represent the guilt building up in the main characters head; it also represents the supernatural element found in each of Poes stories. The heart beat can also be seen as the old mans spirit or soul calling out to the police, to make sure that the main character / murderer is caught. In this story Poe has played on the fact of the character imaging that he is hearing the heart beat because the police can not hear it. The final sentence, Villains! I shrieked, dissemble no more! I admit the deed! -tear up the planks! here, here! -It is the beating of his hideous heart!, I think, has a really tortured ring to it and the reader almost feels sorry for the madness of the narrator. The Black Cat also has a very similar plot device in building up tension; everything appears to be calm and alright with the main character explaining his situation (just like The Tell Tale Heart), For the most wild, yet most homely narrative which I am about to pen, I neither expect nor solicit belief. The writer also builds up the tension when he explains that he was always described as My tenderness of heart was even so conspicuous as to make me the jest of my companions. I was especially fond of animals, and was indulged by my parents with a great variety of pets. Also, the fact that I married early, and was happy to find in my wife a disposition not uncongenial with my own. Makes us believe that he is a normal happy man and we would be shocked to discover anything bad about him. However, this suddenly changes when he recalls that one evening when he returned home drunk, he took from my waistcoat-pocket a pen-knife, opened it, grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberatel y cut one of its eyes from the socket! He actually deliberately cuts out an eye from his pet cat. This leads us to believe that the main character is actually mad and has something wrong with him. The tension reaches its height when the main character not only tries to kill another cat, but actually kills his wife by burying the axe in her brain. She fell dead upon the spot, without a groan. Now we know that he is actually a madman and especially as the torment of what he has done leads him to showing the police the corpse of his wife through his conscience playing on his mind and him finally knocking down the wall and exposing the body. Another strong tension point is when the cat reappears and has the gallows shaved into its fur. For both of the stories the main characters feelings do not change until the end, when the mad man in The Tell Tale Heart is ridden with guilt and the mad man in The Black Cat feels that he has to clear himself of the deeds he has committed. This is shown by the quote today I would unburden my soul. I think that the author of The Tell Tale Heart lets the reader think that the main character is very clever because he allows him to use a lot of intelligent language, as well as allowing him to use a lot of argumentative language as though he is desperately trying to plead his case. Ah ha! Youre being inconsistentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the protagonist of this story is as mad if not madder than the protagonist of TBC, but this one is clever and educated? See my earlier point. For example, when he says, I think it was his eye! Yes his eye! This is to try and shift the blame and make the reader feel that the main character is trying to persuade them that he had no choice and that the reader would have done the same in the circumstances. Saying, Yes his eye is intended to show that he had figured out a motive for killing the old man and that in fact that he must have been provoked in the first instance. I think that the main character comes across as being very insecure because he is always try ing to explain or justify why he acted why he did, and is also trying to persuade the reader that he is not mad and that he is in fact a good person. This is shown because he always explains his actions after detailing what he did in the story. I loved the old man I had no desire for his gold. This can be understood in one of two ways by the reader; firstly, the reader can see him as being absolutely mad or secondly, he could be seen as someone who was disturbed and who needed help and sympathy. By saying that he loved the old man shows that he didnt want to kill the old man and the fact that his obsession with the evil eye made him do it or that the man isnt the problem, its his eye. Interestingly, all of the other characters in The Tell Tale Heart do not really play a major part in the story and this is also true of The Black Cat the only other character is the wife because she gets murdered by the main character. This builds up a lot of tension when he does this due to the wife did not commit any offence to the man it was just the man wanted to kill. This is true to a certain extent in The Red Room, although the other characters do add to the story telling. The use of language in the two Poe short stories is very complex, which could make the readers think that, if the characters are speaking after they have committed such evil deeds, this would lead us to believe that they would be some kind of evil genius, which would be a popular stereotype of the time. Give an exampleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I think Professor Moriarty would be a good choice. The stories are written in common literary language of the nineteenth century. For example, in The Tell Tale Heart the author uses language such as he had never wronged me, never given me an insult. This shows that he is well educated and well spoken and I think, as the reader, clear at getting his views and descriptions across. In The Black Cat, the language and the dialect is the same, with the use of fairly old words and or quotes such as conspicuous and unburden my soul. I use the word conspicuous with shocking frequencyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦say the style is old, not the words. As far as I remember, there ar e no archaic words in TBC or TTH. These are fairly old linguistic terms and a man who uses them must be well educated. But this point makes no sense. Old, indeed. And if a modern man were to use them one could consider his reading list to be classic literature, indeed. Howeverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦if the man in question is oldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦hes just speaking? And reading contemporary literatureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦like if you were to speak how Stephenie Meyer or Terry Pratchett does. This can show us that he is well educated in his plans and schemes. Its fair to say that the characters both use complex language, and that this demonstrates their intelligence. Equally, in The Red Room, the dialect used by the narrator is fairly complex, Eight-and-twenty years, said I, I have lived, and never a ghost have I seen as yet and the dialect of the others shows that they are poorer and of a lower class; the old woman replies Ay, she broke in; and eight-and-twenty years you have lived and never seen the li kes of this house, I reckon. All three of these stories were written and read by Victorians to entertain them, you can tell this by the amount of old words that have been put into these stories and the syntax. Obsession, the link to madness and ghost stories in general, were very popular and highly entertaining because of the links to the supernatural world. It was as entertaining to so many Victorians due to the fact of Victorians being more prone to belief in the supernatural as institutions that relied on belief over reason, most notably the Church, were more popular in this time than currently. There was also a very moral point of view with these stories by showing that evil deeds will always be found out and if people do any bad deeds then they will avenged by the dead persons spirit or by the power of God. Another message within The Black Cat was the moral message that the evils of alcohol can destroy a good man and make him into some kind of monster (But my disease grew upon me for what disease is like Alcohol!), which the Temperance (or anti-alcohol) Societies that were popular at that time would have found a good, moral message. The Tell Tale Heart and The Black Cat have very similar themes as each other; however they have very different themes to The Red Room. The common theme between all of these stories is that they are all connected to the supernatural. The common themes of the The Tell Tale Heart and The Black Cat are firstly that the main character is an evil person but that that person narrates the story and tries to convince the reader of his sanity and that what he did was justifiable and indeed right. Secondly, both stories have the common theme that the main characters have not got a valid reason for the crime they committed the motive is all in their heads and it is simply the creepy differences which disturbed them both to kill. Thirdly, both murderers get caught and therefore do not get away with the crime they committed. This also leads the reader to the moral that crime never pays no matter if youre ridden with guilt or even if youre over confident you will still get caught. The main messag e of The Tell Tale Heart is the fact that a guilty conscience will always give you away in the end, even if in theory you are not actually caught by police or anyone else, you will give yourself away. The tension in the stories is built up by the use of narrative and short, quick paced sentences that reflect the mood of the three main characters. I think that the heart beat at the end of The Tell Tale Heart is very effective at mimicking the build-up of guilt in the main characters mind and it is not clear whether he can actually hear the dead mans heart beating (the supernatural side of the story) or if it is actually his own heart beating so fast because he is becoming increasingly tense and nervous about the dreadful deed that he has committed (the moral side of the story). In The Black Cat, again the lead character hears what he believes to be the muffled cries of his dead wife but as fate would have it, it is the actual cries of a live cat (by a cry, at first muffled and broken, like the sobbing of a child, and then quickly swelling into one long, loud, and continuous scream, utterly anomalous and inhuman a howl a wailing shriek, half of horror and half of triumph, such as mi ght have arisen only out of hell ). The Red Room has the lead character talking to himself to try and control his fear This wont do! said I, and first one and then another candle on the mantelshelf followed. Whats up? I cried, with a queer high note getting into my voice somehow. At that the candle on the wardrobe went out, and the one I had relit in the alcove followed. Of the three stories, I think that The Black Cat is the scariest because it has such a normal everyday husband and general nice man becoming an axe-wielding maniac, but ultimately being found out through guilt.

A Good Man Is Hard To Find Essay -- essays research papers fc

Flannery O'Connor's short story collection A Good Man is Hard to Find has many elements of a southern gothic work. Images of ancient castles with sliding panels create suspicious themes and settings that lead the readers into the dark and gloomy world of the southern United States. With all of the violence, horror, and dismal surroundings presented in O'Connor's stories there is too a moral message given. Later gothic work did not always explain horror like this, holding little moral value to contrast their grotesque images (notes, November 1). O'Connor's stories do include a strong moral element, frequently in the form of religious explanations. The characters within A Good Man is Hard to Find are usually ignorant and self-satisfying people, who come across "the grotesque" and are shocked into self-realization, no longer self-satisfied. These grotesque elements are usually the divine in disguise forcing the characters into introspection. In a letter Flannery O'Connor wrote she stated: "You have found Christ when you are concerned with other people's suffering and not your own." In this quotation we can see the moral message O'Connor was attempting to convey in her stories, and through further analysis of the work this fact can be more clearly illustrated. In the first story, A Good Man is Hard to Find, O'Connor's moral message is clearly presented. The grandmother protagonist in the story is very self-serving. She demands constant attention (although rarely getting it) and stubborn in the fact that her wishes must be carried out. She only wants to go to Tennessee to see old connections (O'Connor, pg. 1). The grandmother cannot move away from past and is at the same time confused by accuracy of past events. On the trip a road stop seems very suggestive of a hellish place: barbecue fires, Red Sammy, etc (O'Connor, pg. 6). The grandmother's lack of character judging is pointed out in this scene. She believes that Red Sammy is a good man because he relates to her old fashioned values (she thinks). Sammy is surprised at this and exclaims, "Yes'm, I suppose so," his unsureness makes the reader question Sammy's character. What is more telling is what the waitress says while bringing the food: "It isn't a soul in this green world of God's that you can trust†¦ I don't co... ...ot helping the needy, greed, dishonesty)? By finally accepting the priests company after becoming bed ridden we can infer that Mrs. McIntyre has indeed been changed by what the displaced person has taught her and is more willing to accept her past deeds and be forgiven for them. As we can see O'Connor's moral message of religion leading people's concerns away from self-suffering is quite prevalent in most of the stories in A Good Man is Hard to Find. By analyzing stories such as A Good Man is Hard to Find, The Displaced Person, The Artificial Nigger, and Good Country People we can see the representation of religion hidden behind grotesque elements that force the characters towards introspection and change. These interpretations can be taken further as a possible comment of American culture showing sometimes a horrible apocalyptic vision. O'Connor's moral lessons seem to be telling us that by finding Christ we may overcome these grotesque elements and become stronger people who, through the grace of God, care more for the people around us than our selfish wants. Bibliography 1. O'Connor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace and Co., 1976

Why Some Forms of Opposition Were More Successful than Others in the Pe

Why Some Forms of Opposition Were More Successful than Others in the Period 1798-1921 The Act of Union, 1801. Ireland was to be joined to Great Britain into a single kingdom, the Dublin parliament was to be abolished. Ireland was to be represented at Westminster (all were Anglicans), the Anglican Church was to be recognised as the official Church of Ireland, no Catholics were to be allowed to hold public office and there was to be no Catholic Emancipation. Immediately we can see from this that any form of opposition would be to destroy this act. Fundamentally it destroyed all catholic rights and forced them to renounce their Catholic faith and take on a Protestant one. In Ireland Daniel O'Connell developed a reputation for his radical political views. By the early 1920's the Irish people started to listen to O'Connell's views and he gathered a large group of supporters. O'Connell had many aims in his political career. O'Connell's goal was to repeal against the act of union. When the Act of Union was passed in 1801 it did not help the Irish. It simply brought problems and distrust to the Irish people. O'Connell organised a meeting to discuss the repeal of the Act of Union, three quarters of a million Irish turned up. They were known as 'Monster Meetings'. We can see that O'Connell successfully created an Irish nation movement and completely changed the British view of the Irish. The British now had a certain amount of respect for the Irish and even feared and threatened their movement. This support from the people could show us the later success that O'Connell has in his opposition, as a movement without opposition would ultimately ... ...d in the cruellest yet effective way possible. Collins achievements were many: he helped fight the British to a stalemate by changing the rules of warfare and setting up an intelligence network to rival the Empire's. He helped negotiate a treaty, which gave Ireland the first stepping stone to become a Republic, and oversaw Ireland's turbulent transition to democracy. His achievements were, however, not without a price. He precipitated the bloody War of Independence against the British and the treaty deal brought back from London split the country into two fiercely opposing halves and plunged the country into the throes of a traumatic civil war. Thus ultimately opposition needed to be well organised and have enough support to succeed, constitutional nationalism had this through its methods of working through the system.

Ethics Article Review Essay

This paper seeks to prepare a review of an article discussing ethics in accounting and financial decision making by making a brief summary, relating to assigned reading for the week, relating and applying the concepts to current or former employer’s organization, making improvement for the organization using the article as basis and explaining the importance of ethics in accounting and financial decision making. A description of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley act will also be discussed including its impact on accounting and financial decision making. 2. Discussions 2. a. Brief Summary The article is talking about the importance of ethics in accounting and business. To dramatize its significance in business, it has cited a story of a number of rich people who may have attained their financial rewards in business but ended dying in less meaningful ways impliedly because of missing the principles of ethics. While the article admits that earning money or attaining riches may be an acceptable goal in business, there is still the question of how success in measured in the final analysis and for which the authors were arguing for riches acquired with honor and if a choice would be made between the two, it would be more preferable to have honor rather riches (Smith and Smith, 2003) . 2. b. Relating to assigned readings As to how the article relate to assigned readings for this week, it may be argued that the article has touched on the importance of rules or guides to actions in business. Ethics in business may be asserted to be indispensable if business will have to attain its goals in harmony with other goals of society such as those in economics and politics. 2. c. Application of article to organization As to how the ethical concepts discussed on the article may apply to this researcher’s former or current organization, it may be argued that the universality of principles related to ethics would really make it difficult to exclude this researcher’s organization from any of its application.. Since my organization is part of the larger society where everybody else lives, it cannot isolate itself from the community by doing unethical things. It cannot even argue that any illegal or unethical thing that it may do will not matter in a world where there many players who may be affected by decisions made. In the same way that a member of society can make a difference for the good of the community so with the failure of one organization or even a person in the organization can do to the detriments of many if not all of the members of the community. 2. d. Recommendations for improvement of the organization To make recommendations for improvement on this researcher’s or organization using the article as basis, the organization should encourage simple living among its executives so that they could be more disciplined in the way the company’s resources are being managed not only for the stockholders but even to every stakeholders who stand to benefits from the observance of ethical conduct in the organization. The other stakeholders of course include the employees who aspire for long-term employment (Sears, 2003), the creditors and lenders who resources need to be protected as well, customers who need to have their needs and wants for company’s products and services continuously satisfied and the government who must continue ensuring payment of taxes and compliance with regulations. 2. e. The importance of ethics in accounting and financial decision making and how the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act affects the same The important of ethics in accounting and financial decision making cannot be underestimated. Without ethics there would be no responsibility for right or wrong act can be demanded from people making decisions. The managers who are considered agents of stockholders would instead enrich themselves at the expense of stockholders investments. On the other hand, these stockholders would just exploit whatever they can to the detriment of their principal, this time their debt capital providers. The organization can likewise treat its employees with disrespect and violate the latter’s if there in no ethics that would guide them. Laws will be insufficient to exact compliance if people in the organization were not instilled the proper values when they were still young in the same way that it is hard to teach tricks to an old dog. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is a classic example to legislate rules of conduct that would improve corporate governance (Ali, et. al, 2006) including a more strict compliance of requirements in regulating companies in terms of financial statements and ensuring of ethical conduct of external auditors (Bainbridge, 2007). Although the law is a positive act to ethical practice of doing business, the choice to do what is right is still with decision makers who must have the right sense of values for society. 3. Conclusion: Ethics has a purpose to attain. It is a part of an organization’s life since it is a guide to decision making not only in accounting and finance but even to all other aspect of business operations. A sense or rightness or wrongness offers a choice and that which is good is incidentally consistent with ethics. As the world seems to be painting what are the standards of its success when actually they are not the real and lasting ones, ethics its and principles have much to offer in making the correct decision that will lead real and lasting success for human existence. The article has argued that honor is preferable than riches but riches need not be inconsistent with riches as long as they are ethically acquired. References: Ali, et. al (2006) International Corporate Governance After Sarbanes-Oxley, John Wiley and Sons Bainbridge (2007), The Complete Guide to Sarbanes-Oxley: Understanding How Sarbanes-Oxley Affects Your Business; Adams Media Sears (2003) Successful Talent Strategies: Achieving Superior Business Results Through Market-focused Staffing, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Association. Smith and Smith (2003) Business and Accounting Ethics, {www document} URL, http://acct. tamu. edu/smith/ethics/ethics. htmAccessed September 29,2008

Land Degradation and Global Warming Essay

Our planet has experienced many changes in its temper from day 1 of creation up to the model. Today, we argon faced with issues concerning spherical thaw or the average increase of temperature of undercoats atmosphere. What causes world(a) heat leads look intoers to find out intrinsic conditions and manmade activities that cause this phenomenon (U. S. environmental fortress substance, 2008). Land abjection is being eye as matchless of the contributing factors of global warm up. By definition, it is the loss of the globe productivity that could be permanently or temporarily (Stocking & Murnagham, 2000).Literature Review Land humiliation has been a problem for a pertinacious clock. Researches ar done in guild to find out the most applicable solution to the affected areas. Michael Stocking and Niamh Murnaghan, in 2000, had create Land Degradation Guidelines for Field Assessment. This government issue consists of 8 chapters. The authors book focus on the followi ng areas farmers perspective on inflict debasement, definition and causes, substances and consequences to pop users, land loss, effect to production, indicators of land degradation, and the benefits of conservation.Agencies such as the Canadian International ontogenesis Agency or CIDA, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the fall in Nations have promoted their knowingness programs regarding land degradation and global warming. With the support of these agencies, people are gaining entropy astir(predicate) the make of natural events and some human activities to the environment. Methodology This research is mainly based on information, researches, and readings from the net income. I have chosen Web sites from authentic agencies such as U. S. EPA, CIDA, and the United Nations in order to acquire information about land degradation and global warming.Since the Internet is likewise known as the information superhighway, these agencies are successful in paste their researches and making the public aware of the change magnitude effect of global warming to our environment. info Analysis calcium is just one of the States that promotes rain set conservation to lessen the effect of global warming by cut down emissions from deforestation and land degradation or REDD. REDD is an state-to-state sub-national discernment that aims to promote improved forest management pract nut cases and reforestation. The parties involved in this agreement have signed the Memorandum of understanding on 18 November 2008.(Mongabay. com, 2008) In Canada, CIDA has lead the promotion to reverse the personal effects of land degradation. CIDA works with the United Nations Convention to flake Desertification or UNCCD. CIDAs efforts to reverse the effects include tree planting, sustainable irrigation, and environmental monitoring among others. (Land Degradation, CIDA, 2008) Results The effects of land degradation to Earths climate were non observed immediately. Now, th e effects of global warming are increasingly being noticed. We have experienced El Nino and La Nina and perceive news about the melting of ice in the Arctic.The processes done to counteract the effects could also take longer time before we could see the results. Discussion When the realm lost its productivity due to land degradation, trees and plants could not thrive on it. impart to this phenomenon the continuous illegal logging and deforestation activities could lead to decreased numbers of set trees and plants. When the number of planted trees and plants continue to lessen, hardly a(prenominal) trees and plants could absorb carbon dioxide, the gas that contributes to global warming due to excessive production. atomic number 6 dioxide traps heat.Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to an abnormal increase in the temperature of the atmosphere, thus the occurrence of global warming. The honey oil causes of land degradation are overgrazing, deforestation, and pollut ion. on that point is a human factor in these causes. We are responsible to what is happening in our climate now. As we wait for the results of the present actions concerning global warming. Its best to help in our own simple ship canal on how to prevent land degradation. champion is to help promote the advocacies of the concerned agencies. finish Global warming is a reality.The effects of it are tremendous and detrimental. Should global warming continue to worsen, Earth and all its tenants are in grave danger. Public awareness of the effects of global warming is deemed necessary. We are the ones who have triggered the ignition of global warming. We should also be the ones to trigger the solution.Works CitedCalifornia Joins Effort to Fight Global warm up by Saving Rainforests. Mongabay. com. 19 November 2008. 25 November 2008 Climate Change. Canadian International Development Agency.24 October 2008. 27 November 2008 Climate Change. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 200 8. 27 November 2008 Land Degradation. Canadian International Development Agency. 23 July 2008. 25 November 2008 Stocking, M. & Niamh Murnagham. Land Degradation Guidelines for Field Assessment. PLEC Databases. 2000. 25 November 2008